1. First, only select few interviewers with a great track-record could be a "champion".
2. If this interviewer was going against the rest of the interview panel, they could choose to be that interviewee's "champion". This means they are essentially saying "I have such a strong conviction that this person will do well that I'll put my professional reputation on the line for them." E.g. this person agreed to be that person's mentor when they started, and if things went south they would carry the burden of additional mentorship or finding the least problematic way to fire that person.
I cannot recommend a book about this topic (both because I don't know any and for the reason that I'll explain below), but have you considered that exactly because you are a consensus builder, this idea might not very well for you (i.e. it is simply not a good match for your leadership style)?
I, for example, am rather the opposite of a consensus builder. On the other hand, I typically immediately look through any bullshit claims that, for example, salesmen or business consultants tell about what they offer (seriously: a successful business consultant once told me that all the sales tricks that work well on C-level executives completely fail on me; I am a cruelingly hard sales target). How do I do that? Simple: I just think through all the logical implications that a claim has: if it is "too good to be true", it is nearly always fraud - and I want to call this fraud out. So I start questions about the logical implications that I found ... well, this typically does not turn out to be comfortable for the fraudster ...
In this sense (to answer your question and also answer why this answer likely won't work for you): you should put your thumb on the scale if the candidate is a fraudster (the huge majority of people are!). And this is exactly the reason why I don't believe this will fit your management style: you say you are a consensus builder. Calling out fraudsters in my opinion rather requires a deep will from inside to rather bring fraudsters/deceivers into jail, which is rather the opposite of building a consensus.
But if you nevertheless, despite my warning concerning your management style, want to read books and practice this skill:
- Read books about deeply scientific topics (e.g. how some theory was state of the art, then some cleverly designed experiments were done: in which sense did they make clear that this theory was wrong and to which new theory did this experiment lead?). After that download some arbirary slide decks or research studies from some business consulting company and find lots of locations in the text where they deceive the reader of things they won't be able to deliver.
- play/read the visual novel Umineko When They Cry (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umineko_When_They_Cry) - it is in some high-level sense about thinking deeply about scientific explanations for what seemingly cannot be explained by science (which - in the story - "proves" that witches thus exist).
The whole point of a committee is to reach consensus. I've flipped my beliefs on many candidates before after hearing what other interviewers think. I think most of us understand that interviews aren't exactly the best way to judge a candidate - at least I think that way. So I'm pretty open to forming consensus when I'm "weak" and they are "strong" in opinion (especially if I respect their judgement).
Different groups requiring different skillsets certainly isn't unusual.
I do also agree with you that "only one person gets to decide" is a bad idea in general (and is usually a red flag for someone trying to be a dictator).
Definitely agree with your point that some people have a gift for this kind of thing, so just genuinely curious how the 7 of 8 thing worked.