My top 4 would be mit, Berkley, Stanford, and caltech.
I've probably never looked at the edu section of any CV.
France and Italy have their gatekeeping schools. And at the level of high finance bridging into politics, I don’t usually know anyone’s education, but am somehow familiar with their families at the end of a dinner meeting.
My wife (who grew up with Korean as her mother tongue, and did well on that test) chose to go to Peking University and did her undergrad (in sociology) in Mandarin, i.e. she spent a couple of extra years beforehand acquiring a foreign language first to be able to speak/write it at college level (and later she added a Master's in Public Policy in English from a European school). At work in Korea this then sometimes got her mobbed for "taking the easy route" vs. attending a SKY uni. It was really crazy given the effort she put in.
Overall, I prefer the more laid-back European (perhaps just German?) every-school-is-decent-on-average-and-really-no-one-cares. Sure, someone will say "it's why you don't have Google" next. Maybe.
There are big both technical-focused, primarily liberal arts, and broader programs that "everyone" has heard of. There are also big state schools that may let you take "rocks for jocks" but actually have some pretty good faculty and programs if you seek them out.
There are also a lot of regionalisms. In a given state, a lot of hiring managers probably went to one of those big state schools. In any case, if you're in the Boston area say, someone hiring for a technical role is far more likely to have gone to one of the engineering schools in the area than Stanford or Berkeley. And, while I'm pretty sure I'd have gotten the position anyway (for various reasons), the fact that I went to the same school as my original hiring manager probably helped seal the deal.
I think this article chose CMU because for Computer Science and technical startups, it's well understood in the valley that CMU is a top 4 school (and for many, a top 2 school) for producing software engineers, which tend to underpin a lot of tech startups.
Totally agree if you move outside of software companies that this makes sense. Anecdotally, I'll say CMU tends to produce individuals who are technically overweight but perhaps lacking in business sense. This is both because of school culture and the broader Pittsburgh community.
Also, as with CMU, there are definitely more people who are interested in the topic, and a subset of them really are quite talented, but the talent density just isn't as high as at HYPS/MIT/Caltech, and as you noted, the talented people aren't as well-rounded (because if they were, they would've gotten into HYPS/MIT/Caltech).
I might argue that CalTech fits more of the analogy you are looking to make re: Georgetown, but not Carnegie Mellon.
Don't get me wrong, CMU has a great computer science faculty, but looking at random CMU alumni doesn't tell you much because a random CMU grad isn't that different from a random Georgetown grad.