cement ≠ concrete, but concrete is indeed recyclable. I know TxDOT (likely other agencies and municipalities) allows its use, often as aggregate material for HMAC paving. The cured concrete is crushed, sorted by gradation and used accordingly. Concrete rubble can also be used in retaining walls along with some backfill applications.

https://www.dot.state.tx.us/business/contractors_consultants...