And even if you settle for utf-8 you'll still have to deal with differences with filesystems automatically canonicalizing names or being case insensitive.
Exactly what you would want to happen (this is the actual error message you will get, BTW)?
> (cd /mnt/funkyfilesystem && touch $'\370' && tar cf my-bad-file.tar $'\370')
> tar x /mnt/funkyfilesystem/my-bad-file.tar
tar: \370: Cannot open: Invalid or incomplete multibyte or wide character
tar: Exiting with failure status due to previous errors
Or are you trying to tell me that your life isn't complete without tar or a git checkout silently dropping some nonsense byte sequences into your filesystem?> And even if you settle for utf-8 you'll still have to deal with differences with filesystems automatically canonicalizing names or being case insensitive.
(Case-preserving you mean? I think truly case-insensitive died with 8.3 DOS filenames). These are also annoying, but a much more minor issue, e.g. you don't need to create a new weird string type just because of them.
But hey, if enough tools and applications stop supporting non-utf-8 names, it is possible that in a a few decades you might get what you want as de-facto non-utf8 files will just disappear.
Let's say you get an EILSEQ on accessing the dirent with readdir and now have to debug how you got some corrupted filename you clearly didn't want in the first place, remount and fix it. How is that worse than having the corrupted filename and not knowing about it before something more insidious happens?