My impression is that many places that label themselves as hacker/maker spaces are some version of a commercial coworking space with equipment. They have the tools, but not the spirit. That's why I mentioned Noisebridge and CCL. E.g. in CCL you can join open projects like making cheese without milk. That's quite different than 'pay membership fee X, here's the equipment, do what you want'.

Do you know of specific places in Europe that capture that spirit? With both diversity and depth of knowledge in different disciplines?

Yes, when Noisebridge was founded, the concept was explicitly to have a German-style hackerspace in San Francisco!