This isn’t a Rust thing. Lot’s of new language have the type declaration after the variable because of type inference which makes such declarations optional.
Algol 60, Algol W, and Algol 68 were influential in the historical development of subsequent programming languages. C gets its type on the left order from the Algol family.
Pascal, Modula, and Ada are all type on the right languages and were also very influential in the historical development of programming languages. I happen to prefer types on the right for complex declarations. Note that Pascal and Modula were designed by Niklaus Wirth after he created Algol W; it seems he preferred types on the right.
Or look at an array declaration:
"You get an int when you type arr[N] where N is less than 5".This kind of argument of course goes all the way back to AT&T vs Intel assembly syntax and I am firmly on Intel's side.