Her is a good recommendation but I struggle to imagine a 12 year old identifying well with alienated-middle-aged-man-malaise ;) (although I loved Lost in Translation at 14 or so)
Arrival is a great recommendation. I had some quibbles with its science, but it’s good Sci Fi. Then he can introduce him to Ted Chiang’s other writing
That said, Ex Machina might be a little intense in that regard, even though I seem to remember that the explicitly is mostly some nudity. It's a great movie, but probably not the first or fifth I would show a 12-year-old with the above discursive parameters included.
Perhaps the tenth or a six months on of watching and discussing movies and their depiction of life in an open way.
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0470752/parentalguide
I also seem to recall that Her was thematically aimed at adults.
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1798709/parentalguide
OP should probably consult the IMDB Parents Guide for all of these. Everyone has their own ideas about what's okay for kids and what's not.
Parent can always watch first. 12yo is middle school right? 8th grade? I doubt this would be a 12yr olds first exposure to this kind of thing (and the context of the movie’s story is not a bad place for it).
Rereading the OPs request they mention “adult language” in the matrix so you’re probably right that my recs won’t be a good fit.
Ex Machina - also great.
Her - different style, but still very good (also with recent LLM developments maybe closer than we think).
The Martian (not as good, but entertaining)
Also I know parents have their preferences, but 12 seems old enough for any of this (if they’re reading Asimov)
I was disappointed in interstellar (but it is a beautiful movie) just dumb in a lot of ways and the “but what above love” subplot really annoyed me.
I’d give gravity an honorable mention. The director’s other movie Children of Men is one of my favorites but doesn’t really qualify as scifi.
For shows, the expanse is probably the best recent thing.
I’m not sure if Super8 qualifies, but I think that’s a generally underrated movie.
Arrival and Children of men are also both in the rare category where the film is better than the source material.
I also forgot about district 9 which I haven’t seen in years, but remember being good.