Yes, but the authentication doesn't appear to be simple ID spoofing. This is from the announcement of the standard they're using:
"The USB 3.0 Promoter Group today announced the USB Type-C Authentication specification, defining cryptographic-based authentication for USB Type-C chargers and devices. Using this protocol, host systems can confirm the authenticity of a USB device or USB charger, including such product aspects as the descriptors/capabilities and certification status. All of this happens right at the moment a wired connection is made – before inappropriate power or data can be transferred."
https://usb.org/sites/default/files/article_files/USB_Type-C...
So theoretically it could be possible to break the authentication, but in practice, we can assume it's at least very hard.
Theoretically it should be possible for a cable to spoof the ID of what it's connected to though, right?