Those standards are meaningless by themselves without specifying a mode (e.g. GCM, CTR, CBC, ECB, etc). A thing people sometimes try to do with them (no idea if this is what vaulttree is doing) is use some less secure mode that is determistic and do equality matching (this is almost always a bad idea and usually leaks way more than you would naively assume). For example, if you use ECB mode you can search as long as you are searching along block boundries.

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/wp-content/uploads/... is an interesting paper about this sort of thing.