> This hasn’t worked for lithium batteries, partly because so many formats exist. “These batteries are all over the place in different sizes,” he said. A related challenge is that the technology for lithium batteries changes rapidly — every one to two years, he said.

(edit: I found a working link to the article: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s41745-021-00269-7)

Apple is not throwing lithium batteries into landfills, and it is the one doing the replacement. Tesla is definitely not doing this, so what is left?

Probably those lithium rechargeable batteries you can buy on Amazon?