It's similar to naming conventions - you wouldn't want to mix snake_case and camelCase in the same code - only more so, because it's a bigger leap from one to another. Things that are the same should look the same and things that are different should look different. If each loop in your program is represented differently, it'll be hard to understand.
> If you can understand both of them, which you should be able to even as a junior (as you even imply yourself, by saying it doesn't matter which one you pick)
Juniors can learn anything but they can't learn everything. The more trivia they have to deal with, the longer it will take to learn the big things. It doesn't matter in the same way that, say, it doesn't matter whether you pick Rails/Ruby or Python/Django for your webapp; it's still a bad idea to do both at the same time.
One of them is right, because a codebase that consistently uses one or the other is better than a codebase that mixes the two. If the team hasn't made and communicated a decision then that sounds like a management failing.
(list comprehensions are the actual right thing to use, for the record, but that's far less important than having a standard and sticking to it)