I spent ten minutes reading this and lost interest. Everything he explains in the beginning of this article is obvious or common sense (common sense for anyone who has a physics degree, that is) and I am not sure where the "new" things he discovered begin. There is a reason that academic papers are required to have an abstract, an introduction section and a conclusion section. Unfortunately Mr Wolfram seems to think that his endless rambling can convey scientific discovery better.

It’s an expository article and a personal reminiscence. You can look away if you aren’t interested.

He has certainly written quite a few papers, i.e. https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=step.... This article is simply not and does need to be considering how bibliographical many aspects of it are.

You should start with his explanation of ruliad for a full understanding. But the ELI5 idea is that humans have limited mental capacity while reality is trying everything possible. So a lot of physical laws result from that interaction. In this article he does an informal explanation of how a future, formal derivation of the second law of thermodynamics could be done and what problems need to be solved in order to do that (specifically better definition of observers).