Measure Response: Determine what an adversary nation does in response to the violation (what resources are scrambled, where do they come from etc)

Messaging: All the permutations of two sets of government folks trying to send a message the pair mutually understand re: defense etc

Tie up resources: Low cost provocation may divert higher cost resources and tie them up for a longer period of time since its a dwelling threat

Acquire signal information: Use sensors and measurement systems outside of the threat to measure the locations and signatures of tracking systems deployed to assess and monitor the threat

Deploy lightweight physical payloads: dust something of interest over an area etc