Python does too, to a limited extent. A good example is type annotations. You don't _have_ to use type annotations, but you can enforce it in your project by writing a typechecker or a preprocessor; and there's a subset of python that can be compiled statically.

And the Clojure example imho is a bit of a red herring, because while it allows a lot of flexibility (reader macros in Clojure are very powerful), they don't encourage ecosystem divergence, since Clojure can use JVM/Java for "Batteries" and most standard libraries. Cljs is more similar in that way, because it carries much of javascript's divergence with it.