To be fair, this is really field dependent. In the sciences this is (mostly) true, but in the humanities your output for your PhD is sometimes just your thesis. The problem is fundamentally that the PhD traject is geared towards an academic career, but there are not enough academic positions for all those PhD students, so they end up in industry. And there their skills don't really translate that well, as OP also says.

>The problem is fundamentally that the PhD traject is geared towards an academic career, but there are not enough academic positions for all those PhD students, so they end up in industry. And there their skills don't really translate that well, as OP also says.

This is a gigantic problem and thank you for highlighting it. Imagine you're in the United States and you have a PhD but you're not a citizen here and you just invested a ton of time and effort but you have to go back home all because there's not a position in your field. It's absolutely nonsensical to think about how the United States justs pisses away talent.

This is excactly what some universities are starting to introduce. "Cumulative Thesis" is the key word. Sadly, this is not yet estbalished practice.