As far as I understand, this is a "live for now" cultural reaction against the failure of the salaried worker lifestyle that existed prior to the Lost Decade(s). It was once the norm for a Japanese student to graduate college and to then work for one company for the rest of their life. This was known as being a "salaryman". When Japan entered this long recession, many young people saw that their parents had worked so hard for a promise that couldn't be fulfilled. They rejected the salaryman lifestyle for the sake of a less stressful, less structured lifestyle focused more on cultural identity, such as style, music, a hobby, etc.
Sometimes such youth do move out (such as living with a partner -- marriage is becoming increasingly delayed though) but I think that the criticism is that this lifestyle is just the pendulum swung fully the other way: it is too focused on the immediate future and lacks any long term planning. A person in this situation will have a difficult time dealing with a family emergency, whether it is a sick parent or a pregnant girlfriend, for instance.
In many cultures, it's customary, even expected to live with one's parents at least until marriage, and possibly longer. Extended families are an important social resource, and the American model of immediate familial alienation upon reaching age 18 followed by a detached nuclear family is in many ways weaker.
I won't argue with your other points, though at the very least, a forum like Hacker News should have skeptical attitudes about such ideas as "permanent employment".