Given " civil liberties and free expression of many", OP is likely speaking in a United States context, where photography in public is always allowed and only some states have 'wiretap' laws that prohibit recording conversations without the consent of all parties. Speaking in a US context and not a global context is a fairly common theme on HN~
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photography_and_the_law
See also:
https://www.reddit.com/r/WalkableStreets/comments/u9jonf/for...
Edit: this may also be useful:
https://photographybay.com/photography-laws/