> we would need need to recover disk partitions/LVM metadata, boot records, etc. as well as all the data itself.

While other suggested, image-based solutions better fit your bit-for-bit requirement, you might also be interested in ReaR: https://relax-and-recover.org/

ReaR generates a bootable image which performs all that basic partitioning and is able to trigger an actual system/application data file restore using a variety of tools (including borg).