The EMH says nothing about efficiency of producing value, only about price discovery.
“The EMH only applies to an idealized analytical fiction and is not applicable to the real world” would also be a problem with the EMH.
Efficient markets take into account everything from politics to corruption to the odds of natural disasters. I'm not sure where you read otherwise.
You think investors don't price in the political risk of dealing with, say the Chinese government? You think bond investors aren't paying attention to the fed?
It is inefficient because it requires a constant injection of money because of growing inequality. People think the newly injected money is causing inequality but the reality is that the inequality is growing regardless of whether you inject money or not and injecting more money acts as a temporary pain killer.
A wealth tax deallocates money from the rich to the poor. You might call this redistribution but who is to say that the wealth hasn't been artificially redistributed to the rich?
Currently, all the newly printed money only serves to subsidize the operations of the rich; allowing them to reduce their margins down to 0 which creates insane anti-competitive moats.
It ignores the fact that participants within the system are only efficient with respect to the basic incentive structure created by the monetary system which itself is highly inefficient and wasteful.
The government could essentially just print money to incentivize people to push a boulder up and down a mountain for no reason... You can be sure that those who will get paid the most will the the fittest ones who can push the boulders up faster than anyone else; the most efficient boulder pushers if you like... But can it be said that these people are efficient at all in the grand scheme of things?