> The biggest threat to Google's business is Apple, and walled gardens like TikTok, Facebook, Discord, Reddit, etc. Too many communities are not allowing their information to be indexed, or are not properly so, which results in Google being less valuable. That is, and continues to be Google's main problem.

This.

In fact, this is just as much of an issue for things like ChatGPT too. It doesn't matter how 'smart' it seems, the model needs data to operate. That data can't be included in the training set if it's only in a Discord server somewhere, or a Google Doc only linked from such a place. It will never provide say, a good speedrunning strat for a popular game, or info on how to make mods of such, because the info required isn't publically accessible at the moment.

These chat systems could possibly answer questions about things coding in JavaScript or cooking or historical trivia, but the real winner against Google would be a system that could open up these wall gardens (somehow) and make the info publically accessible without having to be a member there.