My general advice is "If you didn't initiate the conversation with the party with the intent to take an action or exchange money and they want you to do those things then don't take action or exchange money until you reach back to that party via their official lines of communication or otherwise verify the situation makes sense". In the end it's not the method you use to scam someone that matters it's that you trick them into trusting you really represent something/someone you do not. This also helps with not-exactly-a-scam scams like special offers you didn't seek out but are being sold to you because it gives more time to think if it's really a good deal or think what the downsides would be.

You can give 1,000 examples of how fake urgency is created to make you skip that verification step but past the first one or two to explain the general concept of needing to verify it doesn't matter it just means you'll need 1,001 examples to give the next day.

This isn't bulletproof either but I haven't found anything generally applicable that solves the problem better without making more of a problem than it prevents on average.