The point is not that people were more virtuous in the past. It's that virtue, or at least the perception of virtue, was considered important in the past, much more so than today.
What's interesting about the duel isn't that Burr killed Hamilton, it's that he took the risk of getting killed himself. The duel could easily have turned out the other way. Who would risk his life to protect his reputation today? Certainly not Dick Cheney.
The point is that even under primitive social codes like the honour system, public officials faced more accountability than they do now.
There is no accountability left whatsoever in ANY social leaders: not business leaders, not industry leaders, not political leaders, not military leaders, not scientific leaders, not legal leaders.
ZERO personal accountability. They can be as corrupt as they want, they can fuck it up as bad as they like, but there are absolutely no consequences to them.
This is what has changed. At least in the 1800s you could be challenged to a duel when you engaged in corruption. At least in the 1800s robber barons had to protect themselves from vigilante justice.
Person B murders his accuser and goes on with life.
How exactly is B more accountability? As far as I know, Dick Cheney hasn't murdered any of his accusers.
How many people in America right now would be willing to have a duel with Cheney? Hundreds if not thousands. That says something meaningful about his role.
Maybe honor did used to be more important, but it's not the same concept, only the same word.