Even basic intellij suggestions can save you from most instances of NPEs, but you have the option for complete third-party static analysis (with either default to nullable, or default to non-nullable, and then adding @NonNullable or @Nullable annotation, respectively ). These are not standard annotations, but all third party analyzers do in fact understand each other, and they have the stdlib annotated. Oh and debugging story became much better, you get exact property-access instead of only a line number, but that is a JVM-change not java.

If you do some long, chained property accesses (which imo are the primary sources of NPEs) I can only recommend mapstruct. You basically declaratively write what has to be mapped to what and it will generate at compile-time the necessary, performant Java code with proper null-handling, even n level deep.

So my empirical evidence is that NPEs ”million dollar” fallen victim of inflation :D

Thank you -- glad to hear there's been progress!