dind: https://hub.docker.com/_/docker

Example: https://gitlab.com/hesamian/milwaukee-internationals-dotnet/...

Run docker insider docker. I use this in gitlab.ci to build docker image and push the build docker image to docker hub/heroku docker image hub.

Dind has security risks. Kaniko is a better option

Docker compose? Compose your dev environment docker with other containers you need. Means you need to communicate with them over a local virtual network though. But that is probably OK for most things?

Podman https://podman.io/ works fine, I use it to build container images on Kubernetes.

Do you run Docker inside Podman, Podman inside Docker, or Podman inside Podman?

There are two concepts here: running the docker daemon inside your host container AND running only the docker client inside the host container.

I never bothered with the first.

For the second is enough to mount the docker socket from the HOST machine inside your host container (and obviously have the docker client available in your host container). I'm using this in our bitbucket pipelines (there is a setting in the pipeline config that mounts the socket for you).

Take a look at Nestybox's DID use case [1]. They got acquired by Docker

1. https://blog.nestybox.com/2019/11/11/docker-sandbox.html