We should not ignore that for countries like Japan and Germany, they have an enormous advantage in not having to spend realistically on a defense budget relative to their risk-prone geography, living as they do under an umbrella.

https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/MS.MIL.XPND.GD.ZS?end=2...

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2015/02/19...