It turns out that compiler speed makes development faster, keeps people interested in the language, and ultimately allows more iterations before release (which can be better for speed and safety than throwing in a bunch of extra compile steps).
Rust offers a better trade-off between compilation time and other parameters, than C++.
And let's admit even though Rust compilation speed could use some improvement, it's not terrible.
And yes, a substantial time is also spent for things like the borrow checker but no all of it.
An no, it is not a niche requirement. Short compile times are absolutely critical for developer productivity. One main reason Golang exists and got popular is that people got fed up with how slow C++ is to compile. Not to mention that most people on this earth are not as privileged as to have a beefy machine.
Can you back this up? I'm not a programming language expert, so if there's some common knowledge you're referring to, I'm not aware of it.
> most people on this earth are not as privileged
There's very little "privilege" you need to compile Rust. In my spare time, I develop mainly in Haskell on my ThinkPad X270 and it goes just fine. Building libraries takes time, yes, but you need to do it just once. And while it's building you can think with a piece of paper more — also privilege in a way.