The Washington Post also reports this:

"In a novel step that appears to have prompted some companies to broadly suspend trade with China, the rules also bar “U.S. persons” — including American factories, and Americans and U.S. green-card holders who work in foreign factories overseas — from supporting the development or production of advanced chips in China, unless they receive a U.S. government license." Source: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/10/17/export-...

"“There are green-card holders considered U.S. persons that are going to be in a bind. Do they want to stay in China and give up their U.S. person status or do they want to move?""

Looks like the new rule is over at:

https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/10/13/2022-21...

Yes. The President, as the Chief Executive, has the authority to manage anything w.r.t. foreign policy. This includes the imposition and management of tariffs (something not a lot of people realize Congress ceded to the executive), as well as imposing sanctions, or getting any of the basket of regulatory agencies operating under him to enact something tut sweet.

As far as I am aware, he added Semiconductor fab equipment to the restricted export list. ASML can, as a result, not sell those items to chinese customers without facing mucho pain from the U.S. in terms of sanctions or other unpleasantness. Anyone with U.S. citizenship who violates that restriction is in a great deal of hot water if it is found out about, and they try to return/are in the States.

ASML has explicitly said that the new rules don't affect them much because they don't have many US parts in non-EUV machines: https://www.reuters.com/technology/asml-reports-better-than-...