Many other countries have a central government portal with secure messaging, with federated identify. Heavily reliant on 2FA of course.

0The issue here is that homeless don't hold onto anything physical for 4 months; identity verification breaks down in-person immediately as shelters/libraries can't be expected to run a facial recognition operation, and specific shelter employees/volunteers aren't guaranteed to be there anytime a homeless person might walk in and need those backup codes, but it breaks down even further online since 2fa is inherently 'what you know' + ('what you have'/'who you are').

The point is the hardest part of the problem is already solved - which is the physical infrastructure and labor. As for not holding onto physical items, USPS also has little boxes that people can keep their belongings in.