Shares represent voting control in the companies decisions. Even the existence of non-voting shares is still a message about expectations of future profitability - i.e. a companies ability to issue additional stock profitably depends on expectations about the value and future value of presently held stock...which in turn is a signal about confidence in the company's direction, profitability etc.
When you get into non-voting shares, you move closer and closer to "corporate branded" crypto. We'll see when a major company with a lot of non-voting shares really struggles and gets acquired at a discount or moved private, how much value is given to the non-voting shareholders.
You're confusing funding and cash flow. Funding is invested in value generating assets. Just because the money is spent doesn't mean the asset (like a conveyor belt) evaporates. It's essentially the equity holders allowing the firm to use their stuff. Which is an ongoing thing.
Only if you invest in the IPO or later stock offerings directly from a company. Otherwise you're just buying in the secondary market and no part of the price you pay goes to the company.