Taxes are completely justifiable to allow you to have these means to enforce your ownership rights.
Where you and I would agree is on the assessment methodology which is in most jurisdictions a money grab since it's usually always based on the market value of the property and not on the costs to provide necessary gov services.
100% true that a physical property is not exactly going anywhere, and so it's extremely convenient to use as a stand-in for wealth / ability to pay taxes. That said, this could be worked around if governments were incented to do so, given that finance is almost entirely electronic at this point; offshore banking could be reined in, for example. There will always be loopholes and ways to avoid a tax burden, but if the (financial) penalties are commensurate to the dodge, then there's a reasonable disincentive.
If there is zoning (and well managed conservation), I don't have a problem with it. I've lived near areas with no zooning at all, and that's a race to the bottom.
You could have 99 year leases or similar instead of ownership (Japan does this?), but that is unfair to e.g. grandchildren who inherit a farm which they've worked hard at all their lives (where land is essentially their means of income.)
Yes there is less land to go around, but that problem is ultimately overpopulation, and that's an _entirely_ different topic.