We actually have science on specifically plain ECMAScript versus TypeScript, where the software written in the latter has 15 % fewer bugs. https://blog.acolyer.org/2017/09/19/to-type-or-not-to-type-q...

But of course, the study does not account for if increased development time cancel out revenue gained from lower bug count. (And this will be a difficult problem in general, due to first-to-market effects etc.)