Current generation globalstar is about the same speed as first gen iridium, which is around the speed of a 2400 bps dialup modem from the late 1980s.

With the current satellites, yes, if they think they have enough capital (at least many hundreds of millions) to launch a new clean sheet of paper design LEO network using the existing globalstar L/S-band spectrum licenses, they could implement something better.

The value of globalstar is not in the existing satellites and earth stations, which are pretty much trash at this point for any modern use except very low data rate M2M data in certain geographically restricted areas. The value is in the existing LEO network operational licenses.

Yep, similar value is found on other technically inept solutions that are mostly kept around to keep the license to operate active (since some of those require active use to retain them).

The mentioned in the announcement developing a very efficient data codec for text compression, I'd presume something Binary and not over TLS, just raw data packets probably with some encryption

Given that they're transmitting an app form over to Apple's server, they could encode checkboxes with bitmaps and text fields with dictionary LZMA. There probably will be only a few bytes of the actual data per emergency submission + protocol authentication and error correction overhead.

I'm sure the Apple use case is different from a web api, but it was more for illustrative purposes. I imagine most developers know how to wrap data in JSON and how to do a HTTP call over TLS. When using that as a point of reference, having such a transmission take a long time might show how little bandwidth some M2M networks have (or need).

I wouldn't be surprised if the current Globalstar network is so limited it wouldn't even do voice.

They support voice (https://www.globalstar.com/en-us/products/voice-and-data), it's my understanding that it's analog and not digital though, like a really narrowband landline phone call

That makes sense. Satphones are probably using that same super low symbol rate used by M2M.