Some of those aren’t analogous. Your Covid example: there’s also the cost _to others _ of you catching and spreading it, even if the risk to you is lower.

Speeding is another example: the cost (or risk) might be acceptable to you but not to the person you have an increased likelihood of hitting and doing serious injury to.

At a societal level, it holds, which is why we invest in measures to increase the cost of doing the wrong thing (speeding tickets, removing licenses).