For example, I regularly say that Rust's regex crate has Unicode support. But it does not support \X. It's more precisely documented here: https://github.com/rust-lang/regex/blob/master/UNICODE.md
Which standard is that?
If you're talking about Unicode, the "standard" for regular expressions[1] is an "Unicode Technical Standard", which according to itself isn't required for Unicode conformance:
> A Unicode Technical Standard (UTS) is an independent specification. Conformance to the Unicode Standard does not imply conformance to any UTS.
So awk can claim Unicode support without supporting "\X" (like many regex engines).
If you're talking about POSIX, its regex chapter[2] doesn't mention "\X". In any case I don't think awk claims to conform to POSIX.
[1] https://unicode.org/reports/tr18/
[2] https://pubs.opengroup.org/onlinepubs/9699919799/basedefs/V1...
You have the words "supported" and "implemented" mixed up. Kernighan claims Unicode support, so he is required by the standard the implement \X.
If a software does not implement \X, then it is not compliant, and it would be very wrong to say it supports Unicode. Does anyone have a deeplink showing the evidence for awk?