After solving problems like that for years, eventually almost anyone will develop such an ability, like one also would in regards to DB schema design, system design and picking architectures/design patterns.

The problem is that the majority of people simply don't spend time on issues like that, either in their day jobs or weekends/evenings. The closest you can get to things like that if you work in pretty boring domains, is having to pick between a Set or a Map for some data structure in the app. Or avoiding things like N+1 issues which have relatively little to do with algorithms and more in regards to how frameworks implement things.