Note that this seems to be more particularly about natural forms of camouflage / etc., as opposed to military camouflage used by humans. But the two areas are clearly related.
Regardless of what you call it, it does appear that there is some science that goes into at least some aspects of this. See, for example:
I don't know if there's a more specific term or not, but camouflage is studied (along with other things) under the general subject of "Crypsis".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypsis
Note that this seems to be more particularly about natural forms of camouflage / etc., as opposed to military camouflage used by humans. But the two areas are clearly related.
Regardless of what you call it, it does appear that there is some science that goes into at least some aspects of this. See, for example:
https://phys.org/news/2021-01-camouflage-arbitrary-environme...