It’s not measured with credits afaik, taxation happens at the time of carbon extraction from the ground or at the border if extracted elsewhere, or at the border for imported goods that haven’t had a carbon tax applied, to avoid disadvantageous local manufacturing. Inside the country it’s totally transparent, the price is just baked into fuel/goods made with fuel, from that initial tax. Things that use a lot of fuel get a lot more expensive, things that already used clean energy likely stay about the same, citizens get the receipts back, split evenly, so if you consume less carbon than average, you come out ahead. Corps don’t get rebates/credits.

Make sense? Obviously a ridiculously tall order politically, maybe impossible, the rich would take the brunt, but it’ll also be harder for the middle/upper middle class to jet across the country.

I’m also pessimistic about MMT and it’s effects, but I’d view that as more of a political necessity to keep the music going for debtor nations than something most economists thought was actually ideal. No one has the stomach for austerity, and it frankly would probably be catastrophic anyway, we just have to try to inflate our debt away without hitting hyperinflation.