Corporate cards have some of extra handling to deal with them. I know I tried to buy a WASD keyboard using a corp card, and their payment processor didn't let me use it either.
Looking around, it looks like when a Corp Card is issues (Capital one example[0]), they can lock the card to only be allowed with certain MCC (merchant category code). These are the codes that say what kind of product is being purchased. So it's possible the issuer of your corp card locked your card to certain MCCs. If your card in MCC locked, the merchant and processor likely won't know this until the payment has been tried, and there is a good chance the network/bank didn't send back a useful error code.
[0] PDF: https://www.capitalone.com/commercial/decomm/media/doc/treas...
A funny story. Because they shoehorned this functionality into a fixed length messaging spec instead of repeating segments, we could only send like 12 items. Anything after that was just approved. If I remember correctly the same spec applied to EBT purchases as well. I'm sure they use a different message format now and you totally can't get away with buying 12 things and then beer with an EBT card.
If I generate a one time use card from enterprise account, it shows up as PERSONAL CREDIT GOLD, interestingly.
I'm currently having an issue because I used the same amex card on multiple Google accounts (within a corp gsuite instance), and I must have triggered something because now that card won't work anywhere with Google. And it fails with a useless "try again later error".
Same then happened with a standard visa card. These corporate cards haven't worked for over a year.
I wish they would just do some extra bit of verification rather than blacklist the cards without explanation.