> Zoning is a tool that municipalities have at their disposal, but local government officials represent the people in their jurisdictions, often property owners--who pay significant taxes--so chances are they won't vote against their own interests.

One possible solution is for states to limit the zoning authority of high-demand municipalities that fail to produce housing. This is basically the idea of RHNA[1, 2] in California, although the process didn't have much teeth until recently.

[1] https://abag.ca.gov/our-work/housing/rhna-regional-housing-n...

[2] https://abag.ca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2021-06/Co...