I wrote the fundamentals are the same for all programming languages and frameworks. I didn’t write that “a solid grasp of the complete set of computer science fundamentals” is necessary for programming. I didn’t mention computer science at all. I was referring to the fundamentals of programming.
Reading and writing are fundamental skills required to learn and communicate. What one chooses to read or write follow from the fundamental skills. You don’t ask “How can I learn to read Harry Potter?” because learning to read anything comes first.
Someone can learn Python syntax in a short time. That’s not the hard part of programming, though. It takes considerably more time to learn how to solve real problems with code, to understand and implement requirements, to work with a team, to learn any database. No company needs someone to write 2,000 more lines of Python.
The OP is asking the wrong question, probably with good intentions. Carpenters need to know how to use a saw and a hammer, but that’s just the beginning, and which brand of hammer and saw makes no difference because those are necessary but not sufficient skills.
Your friend can expect to spend several years of deliberate practice learning to program. There’s no shortcut, no best language or framework to learn. The fundamentals are the same for all of them.