You answered your own question, but there's also no reason to use a "centralized website" (i.e. a 3rd-party service) if it doesn't add value. You just handle the subs yourself and provide a unique feed URL in return.
this is the traditional model of subscription-based content, but Podcasting 2.0 is based upon the "value-for-value" idea, where listeners are encouraged to willingly give money to support the show, possibly in exchange for a shout-out (akin to YouTube "Superchats") or something like that. the model sounds unintuitive, but it has sustained No Agenda since the late '00s, and other shows as well.
another podcast I tune into every week and love does the Patreon thing. they do a free, public weekly show, and an additional bonus show only for paid Patreon subscribers. I pay them through Patreon (who takes a cut) for the privilege of accessing a link to an unlisted YouTube video each week to watch the bonus show (which they explicitly refer to as a "bonus Patreon podcast" in the show itself! why intertwine your brand with Patreon like this?!). each week the bonus show gets less than 100 views, yet the cohosts go out of their way to record an additional 30-40 minute show just for these under-100 viewers. this does not seem like a sound business strategy to me compared to value-for-value.
Yes, donations are the oldest monetization model for podcasts, and this is even easier to do than authenticated feeds. Certainly, it does not require "blockchain technology".