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Re:U.S. News pulls Columbia University from its 2022 rankings by mattwest on Monday July 11, 2022 @04:51PM (#32061656)
It's an interesting question, and that's probably why it ends up in so many econometrics and stats courses. You have the classic causality problem, along with ethical concerns of generating experimental data for such a study.

Controlling for as many of the relevant variables as possible, there does seem to be a strong negative correlation between class size and test scores. Beyond that, who knows, but it makes sense that small classes would succeed more often (at least up to a certain point of course)

Re:U.S. News pulls Columbia University from its 2022 rankings by bachmeier on Monday July 11, 2022 @04:55PM (#32061711)
But...none of those studies justify a discontinuity at a particular value. And if they control for things like TA help, they cease to provide useful information, because in the real world TA help increases with the class size.