https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2672390/
There was actually a major, severe DECLINE after that associated with globalization, trade, and further industrialization, which is where many charts begin.
Think about how incredible that is - nothing we would recognize as modern medicine, but adults living just as long. I can’t think of any greater indictment of our health in modern civilization, especially given the amount of resources we expend. I mean, just think about - aside from the improvements in child mortality which are almost entirely just from now nearly century old antibiotics and vaccines technology, we spend 20% of our GDP to achieve the same results as the 1850s English who got them for next to nothing in comparison. Progress!
I have to assume that our lives are overall much easier medically, though. Breaking a limb (or even losing one) is not nearly as big of a deal now than it probably was then, for instance.
As of the 18th century, about 30 per cent of people died before reaching adulthood, but this percentage seems to be much higher in urban areas, which acted like population sinks. (Pathogens were really concentrated there.) Once you lived to be 20, you had more than even chance to live to 40, and a good (AFAIK over 35 per cent) chance to live to 60, but the drop-off after that was steep, 70 y.o.s were already uncommon and 80 y.o.s very rare.
Interestingly, cardinals and popes lived significantly longer, 70-somethings were a common sight in conclaves. Easier life, no military threat, good water, almost no risk of famines.
I am writing this from the top of my head, so precise values may differ from my handwaving. But I believe that the values are roughly correct.