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Re:Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes by GuB-42 on Thursday June 30, 2022 @07:20PM (#31939989)
It seems that lactose tolerance is the new thing here.

Lactose intolerance is normal, but for a few people, presumably dairy animal farmers, something happened to their genes and they became tolerant, and it was an evolutionary avantage because they had access to all that milk. But because access to farmed milk is relatively recent from an evolutionary standpoint and people can live with lactose intolerance, the trait hasn't spread to all of humanity.

Re:Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes by easytiger on Thursday June 30, 2022 @07:35PM (#31940134)
Or people who worked out they were tolerant to it, farmed it, and the high density nutrients allowed faster more reliable development of healthy children in adverse conditions. i.e. North Western Europe.
Re:Modern city dwellers have lost about half their gut microbes by haimez on Thursday June 30, 2022 @09:39PM (#31941110)
Also that smallpox resistance via cowpox exposure can’t have hurt survival rates in general