> But something like the Spring framework for Java or ASP.NET for .NET, or even Ruby on Rails or Django for Python
You've outlined a number of different things there and you could make your own with delphi, since again its just like C as to what it can do. You could, if you wanted, make a Django for delphi, though it's not something I'd do. Though your initial statement was Delphi couldn't do a lot of modern services either server or client. This isn't true. If it's all these other things, well, thats a matter of opinion, but there's no technical limitation with Delphi as far as protocols go.
Edit: There's this to which is interesting - a drag and drop web development set of components for SPA's https://www.tmssoftware.com/site/tmswebcore.asp which doesn't exist in other environments afaik. Though not sure I'd use it, I know of people who have and it works fine.
Clients, sure. But something like the Spring framework for Java or ASP.NET for .NET, or even Ruby on Rails or Django for Python? Not quite.
Closest that I could find was Brook: https://wiki.freepascal.org/Brook_for_Free_Pascal but it appears that it isn't in very active development at all (last release was 3 years ago: https://github.com/risoflora/brookfreepascal)
There is a nice page about web development on the Wiki: https://wiki.freepascal.org/Portal:Web_Development
But for the most part, even there you won't find the "one true way" to develop new enterprise apps or other larger projects.
There is fcl-web (https://wiki.lazarus.freepascal.org/fcl-web) and fpWeb (https://wiki.lazarus.freepascal.org/fpWeb_Tutorial) but both lean more towards writing your own web server and handling the lower level HTTP interaction, vs what something like Django would let you do, mostly thinking of what your app should do, not so much about how it will look on a per-request basis: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/intro/tutorial01/