I don't think this holds any truth at all.

Cloudflare Workers were designed to be so "fine-grained" because their whole rationale is to have very small compute steps at each request to do a very small touch-up at each request/response, With negligible or tolerable performance impact.

This is not a major paradigm change. It's a request handler placed on edge servers to do a minor touch up without the client noticing. Conceptually they are the same as a plain old Controller from Spring or Express. They just have tighter constraints because they run on resource-constrained hardware and handle performance-constrained requests. Other than this, they are a plain old request handler.