For example, SQL & Unix have been around since the 1970s.
Linux since late 1991.
Javascript: The end of 1995. NodeJS: 2009.
Sure, there's a ton of churn in the JS Ecosystem, but all it takes is a bit of wisdom, skepticism, and patience to avoid the hype-cycle.
Also, once you learn to build certain things with a programming language you learn the paradigms of the system you build.
For example-- Web Servers. Looking at ExpressJS vs Python Flask documentation, there are many analogous pieces, because they follow the same standards for protocols.
Another example-- data engineering / statistical computing: Checking out R vs Python packages, there are a lot of the same concepts, just in a slightly different format/language.
HTTP/1.0: 1996 (RFC 1945)
TCP: 1974 "In May 1974, Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn described an internetworking protocol for sharing resources using packet switching among network nodes."
"TLS is a proposed Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) standard, first defined in 1999"
Considering all of this... I don't think most major things actually change that much. Sometimes a popular new framework takes the world by storm, but that's pretty rare compared to the output and churn of the ecosystem.
Especially if you’re a full stack eng who is constantly swimming over the entire stack and they keep pushing new DBs, new logging tools, etc.
There are commonalities but it is a lot of learning as you go. I used to know Angular pretty well but now I don’t remember it at all. I haven’t even gotten to really ramp on React as much because my company uses it in such a terrible way that it’s clearly not fit for.
After the first ten years software development becomes quite intuitive and you internalize all those best practices. You can be trusted to start a new service from an empty git repository. Later it gets incremental, there's a lot of path dependency in languages and frameworks and few things come out of the blue. Those that do are frequently intellectually stimulating to learn.
But interviews have been steadily getting strange and difficult (in a way not related to real life software development), at least in the last 10 years.
But doing the same to workers with 10 years of real world experience doesn't make nearly as much sense. Like hiring medical doctors by quizzing them on organic chemistry problems. Google and Facebook do it because they can and they don't know what else to do, but I don't understand how it became a universal practice.
I don't really see the difference between that an programming. Writing code is still a bunch of "if" statements, the same underlying data structures, same algorithms, etc. There's some new technology being added on the top akin to carbon fiber and the other things you mentioned but it's fundamentally the same.
I was actually surprised because I heard so much about crazy new materials like carbon fibers, graphene, technologies like 3D-printing,... but apparently what makes a machine break are still the same things: mechanical stress, heat dissipation, friction,... new materials and processes might change the coefficients, but not the (mostly Newtonian) physics (my interpretation btw, not his words).
One could say the same thing about software engineering - true fundamental advances in algorithms and data structures are sufficiently rare that it wouldn't be a nuisance to keep up with them. But the %-age of how important those basics are relative to the extremely fast-changing landscape of tools and frameworks is much smaller (plus, one could argue that even the fundamentals see a lot of shifting ground in CS, with neural architectures, differentiable programming, not to mention quantum computing).