> Javascript, > APIs often do something similar by passing in an object with optional fields*

That's really not the same as the others though, as it's a convention. That's arguing that passing a Python dict or Namespace to a function is the same as named arguments in the function's definition itself. You can do the same in Java with Dictionary<string,object> if you want.

I wouldn't call that the same. In Typescript the arguments object is fully typed, while in Java you lose all typing.

They are but ultimately the author wish that their usage is enforced. And that is IMHO in no major language including the above.

(Nitpick, but is python a modern language? It is almost a decade older than Java)

Definition question. It fits if you use "languages that appeared after or incorporated features from younger languages in newer versions".

Also 4 years older, not a decade.