Also it was 2004 and 64 bit machines weren't common. If I remember correctly you had only 2 GB available under Windows XP and if you wanted more, 3 GB to be more precise, you had to boot with a special parameter.

32-bit machines generally 64-bit arithmetic of some sort; for example "long long" in C is mandated by the standard to be of a width greater than or equal to 64 bits.

Yeah, 64 bit integers were available under gcc on Linux, but the memory issue remained. The array had to fit in 2 GB, unless of course the problem stated otherwise, for example the numbers were read from a file.