However, it is definitely possible and there are many studies on that since at least 20 years. The 2 big cons are: - Energy costs (artificial lightning) - Harvesting is a lot more difficult (at least with the current technology)
Wheat yield potential in controlled-environment vertical farms https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2002655117
Wheat May Be Grown Indoors, But The Cost… Potential yield in vertical farming could be up to 600 times greater per hectare than current farming methods: Study https://krishi.outlookindia.com/story/wheat-may-be-grown-ind...
BTW, one more thing I forgot in my earlier comment about why agriculture has been mostly abandoned in Western countries: phytosanitary products (e. g. pesticides). Many phytosanitary products that are no longer (or were never) allowed in the US, Canada, Europe, etc are perfectly legal in Africa, South America, Asia, etc so their yield is a lot higher, thus again contributing to smaller production cost.